Packaging machine



Dec. 26, 1922. 1,439,966.

J. D. LANE ET AL PACKAGING MACHINE.

FILED JUNE 20, I92]. 6 SHEETSSHEET l- [3-18 FiErhi F1515 INVENTURS 4% b [M ATTORNEYS Dec. 26,1922. 1,439,966. .I. D. LANE ET AL.

PACKAGING'MACHINE.

FILED JUNE 20. 1921. 6'SHEETS-SHEET 2.

NVENTUHEI I LA 9.4M

WTTUHZEZ Dec, 26, 1922.

J. D. LANE ET AL.

PACKAGING MACHINE.

FILED JUNE 20, 1921 6 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

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AT TEIRNEIYS Dec. 26, 1922. 1,439,966. J. D. LANE ET AL.

PACKAGING MACHINE.

FILED JUNE 20,1921. 6 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

Dec. 26, 1922. J. D. LANE ET AL.

PACKAGING MACHINE.

FILED JUNE 20,1921.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 5.

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ATTJJENEYE j%,zz @050 j film f 5% Dec. 26, 1922. 1,439,966.

J. D. LANE ET AL.

PACKAGING MACHINE.

FILED JUNE 20. 1921. e SHEETS-SHEET 6.

a a n Patent at. as, 1922..

JOHN D. LANE, 0F BOSTON, AND JAMES MACNAUGHTAN, OF BROOKLINE, MASSA CHUSETTS, ASSIGNORS, BY DIRECT AND MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, TO GOBDAN MACHINE COMPANY, OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS, A CORPORATION OF MASSA- cnfusn'rrs.

PACKAGING MACHINE. r

Application filed June 20, 1921. Serial No. 478,924,

f. To all whom. 'it may concern-.-

Be it known that we, JOHN D. LANE and JAMES MACNAUGHTAN, citizens of the United States, residing at Boston and Brookline,

in the counties of Suffolk and Norfolk, re-

spectively, and State of Massachusetts, have invented new and useful Improvements in Packaging Machines, of which the following is aspecification.

This invention relates to machines for packaging relatively small articles by in sertinga predetermined number or quantity in a box or carton of relatively stiff paper board or like materiaL- In the embodiment of the invention hereinafter described the machine is adapted for packaging articles such as small pieces of candy, but it will be understood that various other articles may be packaged by suitably modifying the means employed to segregate charges from a mass of loose articles.

A carton on which our machine is designed to operate is oblong and rectangular, and includes two relatively wide side walls, two narrower edge walls, tabs on the ends of the edge walls, and extensions on the side walls from which end walls and tucking flaps are formed. The carton is supplied to the machine in acollapsed or flattened condition, all its parts being arranged in two parallel layers, each including one side wall and its end extension, and one edge wall and its tabs, the collapsed cartons being arranged side by side in a column which is fed to the machine in a raceway from which the collapsed boxes are detached one at a I Figure 12.

time.

The object of the invention is to provide a simple, durable and effective machine, adapted to automatically detach a carton from a column, open the detached collapsed carton, close it at one end to form a chargesupporting bottom, the opposite or upper end being left open for the time charge into the open end, close said end, and finally eject the charged and closed box.

The invention is embodied in the improvements hereinafter described and claimed.

Of the accompanying drawings forming a part of this specification,-

Figure 1 is a front elevation of a machine embodying the invention.

being, feed a Figure 1 is a side View of the lower folder hereinafter described.

Figure 1" is aside view of the part called the upper folder.

Figures 1, 1 1 1, 1 and 1 are sec tions on the lines similarly designated in Figures 1 and 1.

Figure 2 is a top plan View.

Figure 3 is a partial end elevation on a large scale.

Figure 3 is a section on line 33 of Figure 3, and an elevation of the parts at the left of said line.

Figure 4c is a vertical section on line 1-4 of Figure 1.

Figure 5 is a fragmentary section on line 5-5 of Figure 3.

Figures 6 and 7 are views simiilar to Figure 5, showing different stages of the box-opening operation. 7

Figure 8 is a section on line 8-8 of Figure 7.

Figure 9 is a section on line 99 of Figure 7. v

Figure 10 is a sectional view, illustrating the operations of turning in the two upper tabs of a box.'

Figure 11 is a section on line 11--11 of Figure 1.

Figures 12 to 30 inclusive, are perspective and sectional views, showing a box as it appears at different stages oflthe operation.

Figure 12 is a perspective View showing the box collapsed, and as supplied to the machine. Q

Figure 13 is a section on line 13-13 of Figure 14 is a perspective view, showing the box body opened.

Figure 15 is a section on line 15---15 of Figure 14:.

Figure 16 is a fragmentary perspective View, showing the lower tabs turned in.

Figure 17 is a perspective view, showing the box bottom closed for charging.

Figure 18 is a section on the plane indicated by line 18-18 of Figure 17.

Figure 19 is a section on the plane indicated by line 19 -19 of Figure 17.

Figures 20, 21 and 22 are perspective views, showing the steps of closing the receivmg end or mouth of the box after fill- .fine said side and edge walls.

. Figures 23 to 26, inclusive, are ,sectional views, showing the steps of forming the box bottom and tucking in the lower flap.

Figures 27 to 30, inclusive, are sectional includes two relatively wide side walls a and b, and two narrower edge walls 0 and oi, the box being longitudinally creased to de- The lower end of the side wall I) is extended andcreased to form a lower end wall e, and a tucking flap f. The upper end of the side wall a is extended and creased to form an upper end wall 9 and a tucking flap h. The lower ends of the edge walls' 0, d are extended and creased to form lower tabs 71, j. The upper ends of said edge walls are extended and creased to form upper tabs 70, Z. Theseveral' creases are indicated by the dotted lines 0 in Figures 12,- 14, 16, 17, 20 and 21, and are arranged-to permit the successive changes of form illustrated.

The machine is organized to perform the following operations: The body'of the foremost collapsed box in the column is first opened and left open at both ends, as shown by Figure 14. The tabs 2', j are then turned inward, as shown by dotted lines in Figure 16. The extension of the side wall Z1 is then bent to cause the lower end wall 6 to close the lower end of the box and tuck the flap f between the tabs z', j and the side wall a, as shown by dotted lines in Figure 17 and in section by Figures 18 and 19, the upper end' of the box being left open to receive a charge of merchandise. The. box is then charged, and after charging, the tab k is bent inward, as shown by Figure 20. The tab Z is then bent inward, as shown by Figure 21. The upper end of the box is then closed, by bending the extension of the side wall a; to cause the upper end wall g to close the upper end of the box and tuck the flap it between the tabs k, 'Z, and the side wall 6, as shown by dotted lines in Figure 22. Finally the now charged and closed box is ejectedfrom the machine through a delivering raceway. At the commencement of the ejecting movement the end wall 9 is pressed downward to ensure the proper tucking in of the flap h.

Although the described box structure is not new with us, we have thus fully described the same to facilitate an understanding of the machine hereinafter described embodying our invention, said machine performing the described operations automatically.

The frame of the machine includes a base portion 12, supported by standards 13.

Mounted on the frame is a raceway 14,

adapted to support and guide a column of the collapsed boxes, and provided with suit- -'in and adapted to rotate a'barrel 16, which is connected with the presser by a cord 17 The foremost box in the column is arrested by a pair of spring detents 18, (Figure 5), on one of the side walls of the raceway engaging one vertical edge of the collapsed box, and a slidable detent 19 on the opposite side wall, having a lip 19 engaging the opposite edge of the box. The detents 18 are adapted to yield, or be displaced laterally by the force exerted on the foremost box, to open it, as shown by Figure 6. The detent 19 is immovable laterally, and its lip 19 constitutes an abutment across which the'edge wall d of the box swings from the position shown by Figures 5 and 6, to that shown by Figure 7, when the box is being opened, the detent being retracted by means hereinafter described, to the position shown by Figure 7 to permit the downward movement of the blades hereinafter described.

The body of the foremost collapsed box is opened and left in the condition shown by Figure 14, by mechanism including a reciprocating head 30 (Figure 3) carried by a vertical slide 31, which is movable'in a fixed guide 32 by a cam groove 33, in a disk 34, fixed to the driving-shaft 36, a lever 37 pivoted at 38 to a fixed bracket 39, and having a trundle-roll 40, engaged with the cam 33, and a link 41, connecting the lever 37 with the slide 31. To the head 30 is fixed a plate 42, carrying a vertically elongated primary blade 42, adapted to be inserted between the side walls a and b of the foremost box, one vertical edge of the 'primary blade constituting a gage or abutme nt on which the edge wall 0 swings from the position shown by Figure 5, to those shown by Figures 6 and 7, when the wall 6 is forced outward by a rocking secondary blade 44. This blade is in the same plane asthe primary blade when the latter enters the box. The secondary blade is fixed to a vertical rockshaft 45 (Figures 3 and 3 journaled in a bearing 46 on the head 30, and is held alternately in the same plane with the primary blade, and in a plane at an angle therewith by the means next described. The rockshaft 45 has an arm on which is journaled a trundle-roll 47, pressed by a torsion spring 48 engaged with the upper end of the rockshaft, against a fixed cam-shaped block 49, secured to a standard or bracket 50. When the head 30 is raised the fixed cam block 49 acts through the trundle-roll 47 and rockshaft 48, to hold the secondary blade in the plane of the primary blade, as in Figure 5.

face 54, on an arm 55, fixed to the head, contacts with the detent 19, and forces it back to the position shown by Figure 7, so

that it is out of the path in which the plate 42' moves. The blade 42 is provided with an offset ear 42 (Figure 8) arranged to bear on the outer side of the box wall I), at the upper end thereof, and positively move the box downward with the blades 42 and 44. When the blades 42 and 43 are inserted in the collapsed box, and are moving downward, they force the side walls a and b slightly apart, and the ear 42 at the same time-acts to force the box downward, toward a fixed horizontal guide or,track 57 (Figures 3 and 9), having two oppositely inclined portions 57 and an intermediate depressed portion 57 The inclined portions 57 are in the paths of the lower tabs 71 and j of the downwardly moving box, and are caused by the downward movement of the box to partly bend the said tabs inward, as shown by Figure 9. The opened box is engaged with boxfeeding arms on the endless carrier hereinafter described, whereby the box is moved in the direction of the arrow, (l igure 9). This movement transfers the partly bent tabs 2', j to another portion of the track 57, arranged to confine the bent tabs, as in dicated by dotted lines. The lower end of the box is now in the condition shown by Figure 16.

The endless carrier above mentioned, is a sprocket chain 59, supported by sprocketwheels 60 and 61 (Figure l), the upper stretch of the chain being below and parallel with the box-guiding'track 57, and support ed by a horizontal guide or track 59 (Figure 4). The chain is moved intermittently by mechanism which may include the well known Geneva movement, comprising a disk 62, having studs 63 (Figure 1), a cam 64, fixed to the disk and having reentrant curved faces 65, and a cam 66, fixed to a driven shaft 67, carrying the sprocket-wheel 60, and hava ing radial slots 68, cooperating with the studs 63, and reentrant curved faces 69, cooperating with the cam 64. The disk 62 is fixed to a horizontal shaft (Figure 2), which is connected by bevel gears 71 and 72, with the driving-shaft 36, the disk being continuously driven and imparting, in a well known manner, a step-by-step movement to the sprocket-chain, so that a box engaged by the feeding arms on said chain is moved stepby-step, and held stationary in different positions.

To the chain 59 are attached at suitable intervals, base plates 74, each having a pair of box-engaging arms 75, substantially perpendicular to the base plate. The arms are connected by cross-bars 76, and are bent laterally above said cross-bars, as shown by- Figure 4, so that their upper ends are offset and overhang the track 57. One of the base plates 74 and the pair of arms 75 carried thereby, is in position to receive the carton between the arms 75, when the opened carton is forced downward by the ear 42". The chain 59 is at this time at rest, and its next movement causes the arms 75 to advance the carton in the direction of the arrow (Figures 7 and 9-). This movement forces the lower extension of the side wall I), from which the end wall 6 and flap f are formed, through a fixed lower'folder, 78, shown by Figures land I This folder is preferably made by bending a blank of sheet metal to form a'tapering guide, having the varying form in cross section shown by Figures 1, 1 and 1 the form being such that the end wall 6 and flap f assume the successive positions shown by Figures 23 to 26, the carton when emerging from the folder 78 being in the condition shown by Figures 26 and 17. The carton, now ready to receive a charge, is arrested in a receiving position under a chute 80, (Figure 4), constituting the outlet of a hopper 81, having automatic means for segregating and delivering charges at predetermined intervals. Said hopper and segregating and delivering means are preferably organized as shown in our application for patent for improvement in machines for measuring and delivering loose materials, filed May 4, 1921, Serial No. 466,839, and may be briefly described as follows: 82 rep resents an inclined shaft rotated continuously by a worm 83 on the driving-shaft 36, a worm gear 84, fixed to a cminter-shaft 85, having a bevel gear 86, meshing with a bevel gear 87 on the shaft 82. Fixed to the shaft 82, within the hopper 81, is a turret 88, having a plurality of short tubes 9, arranged in a circular series. The hopper bottom is inclined and provided in its higher portion with a slot 90, registeringwith the chute 80, and adapted to register with one of the tubes 89. The other tubes are closed by the hopper bottom said tubes and bottom forming a series of charge-receiving cups. A reservoir-91, communicating with the hopper, is adapted to hold a mass of loose articles and deliver the same to the hopper.

The segregating and delivering mechanism is timed to bring a cup tube 89 over the slot 90, when a carton is in position under the chute 80. While the charged carton remains in its receiving position, the tab in is turned inward, to leave the carton in the condition shown by Figure 20, by a finger 93 which successively occupies the positions shown by full and dotted lines in Figure 10, I

i trundle-roll 98 at one end. A spring presses the trundleaoll against a cam 100 on the driving-shaft 36. A spring 101 (Figure 3), engaged with the stud 95 and finger 93, exerts pressure on a tail piece 93 on said finger, in the direction of the arrow (Figure 1 10), and holds the tail piece either against the chute 80, as shown by full lines, or against a fixed cam block 103 attached to the chute, as shown by dotted lines, so that when the finger 93' is moved downward, it is also swunglaterally and caused toturn the tab 7c. The endless carrier is now ad vanced' to move the carton forward another step. and cause it to register with a delivering chute 105, through which the carton is discharged from the machine, the closing of the carton commenced by the turning in of the tab 70, being completed during said movement.

A fixed ear 106, in the path of the tab 2', turns the latter inward, as shown by dotted lines in Figure 10 and by Figure 21, at the commencement of the last forward movementof the carton, the extension of the side wall a, from which the upper end wall 9 and flap h are formed, remaining in an upstanding position. A continuation of the forward movement of the carton forces said extension through a fixed upper folder 78 (Figures 1 and 1 which is practically an inverted counterpart of the lower folder 78, and has the varying form in cross section shown by Figures 1 1 and 1 the form being such that the end wall 7 and flap h assume the successive positions shown by Figures 27 to 30, the carton, when emerging from the folder, being completely closed, as shown by Figures 22 and 30.

The closed carton, after passing under the upper folder, is arrested at the receivingen-d of the discharge raceway 105, and. is supported in position for transfer to said raceway, by a continuation of the fixed shelf or track 57, as shown by Figure 11. The carton isforced into. the raceway 105 by a plunger 106, which is secured by an arm 107 to a lever 10S, fulcrumed at'109. The lever and plunger are oscillated by a cam 110-, on the shaft 70, and a spring 111 which presses a trundle-roll 112 on the lever against the cam. The carton, in entering the discharge raceway, passes under a spring finger 113, which bears ,yieldingly on the upper end wall and'completes the tucking in of the fiap in case the. latter has notvbeen sufficiently tucked in by'the preceding operations.

In case the articles packaged are fiat-sided tablets. it is desirable that they lie fiat on the chute 80, and pass edgewisc therefrom, in order that they may notenter the carton in such position as to become jammed between the side walls a and I). To provide for this, I provide a row of'loose wire tingers 115, which are hinged at their upper ends to a fi'xed ear 116. and rest loosely by gravity at ,their lower ends on the chute. Said fingers are displaceable by tablets sliding down the chute, and position the tablets so that their under sides bear on, or are parallel with the chute, the tablets being caused to pass edgewise from the chute into the carton.

A spillway 118 is pivoted at 119 to the machine frame. and is normally held by gravity in the dotted line position shown by Figure 4:, with its upper end resting on the chute 80, in position to receive a charge of material, in case a carton is not present to receive the charge, the object being to pre--- vent tl1e charge from dropping into and clogging the mechanism under the chute.

\Vhen a carton is present, its upstanding flap 7a. encounters the spillway and displaces it to the full line position.

It will be seen that all of the operations of closing the carton, except that of turning in the tab is, are performed by the cooperation, with two moving parts of the machine, of a small number of fixed parts of simple form and construction, so that the machine is extremely simple, considering the-number of operations performed by it. One of the said moving parts is the reciprocating blade 42, having the ear 4%, the fixed parts cooperating therewith being the inclined track portions 57". The other of said mov ing parts is the endless carrier, having the carton-engaging arms 75. The fixed parts cooperating with the carrier are the lower folder 78, the ear 106 which turns the tab Z, and the upper folder 7 8*.

We claim:

1.'In a packaging machine having means for releasably confining a flattened carton in a substantially vertical position, carton adapted to enter the carton and partially open the same, said blades being in the same plane when entering the carton and confinmg the inner side wall of the carton, leaving the outer side wall and the edge walls free, and means for turning the secondary blade within the carton to press said blade against one of the edge walls, and thereby completely open the carton, the primary blade confining the inner side wall during the opening operation. I r

2. In a packaging machine having means for releasably confining a flattened carton in a substantially vertical position, cartonopening mechanism comprising a vertically reciprocatin head, a primary opening blade fixed to the ead, a secondary opening blade, having a rocking connectionwlth the head, and provided with a lateral arm, said blades being adapted to enter the carton in the same plane and confine the inner side wall of the carton, leaving the outer side wall and the edge walls free and a fixed spiral cam against which said lateral arm isyieldingly pressed, whereby the secondary blade is turned within the carton to press said blade against one of the edge walls, and thereby completely open the carton, the primary blade confining the inner side wall durin the opening operation.

3. Iii 'a packagin machine having means for releasably confining a flattened carton in a substantially vertical position, a reciprocating blade adapted to enter and partly open the carton, means associated with said blade for completely opening the carton, said blade being provided with means for moving the opened carton endwise, and fixed tab-turning means in the path of movement of the box, adapted to turn two lower tabs of the carton inward. I

4. In a packaging machine having means for releasably confining a flattened carton in a substantially vertical position, a reciprocating blade adapted to enter and partly open the carton, means associated with said blade for completely opening the carton, said blade being provided with means for moving the opened carton endwise, and a fixed track in the path of movement of the carton, having inclined portions adapted to turn two lower tabs of the carton inward.

5. In a packagingmachine having means for releasably confining a flattened carton in a substantially vertical position, a reciprocating blade adapted to enter and partly open the carton, means associated with said blade for completely opening the carton, said blade being provided with means for moving the opened carton endwise, a fixed track in the path of movement of the carton, having inclined portions adapted to turn two lower tabs of the carton inward, said track being extended from said inclined portions to support and guide the carton and confine the turned tabs, an intermittently moving carrier adapted to convey the carton along side track, and a fixed lower folder below said track, adapted to act on an extension of one of the side walls of the carton and convert said extension into a lower end wall and a tucked-in flap.

6. In a packaging machine having means for releasably confining a flattened carton in a substantially vertical position, a reciprocating blade adapted to enter and partly open the carton, means associated with said blade, for completely opening the carton, said blade being provided with means for moving the. opened carton endwise,a fixed track in the path of movement of the carton, having inclined portions adapted to turn two lower tabs of the carton inward, said track being extended from said inclined portions to support and guide the carton and confine the turned tabs, an intermittently moving carrier adapted to convey the carton along said track, a fixed lower folder below said track, adapted to act on anextension of one of the side walls of the carton and convert said extension into a lower end wall and a tucked-in flap, and mechanism for turning in one of the upper tabs of the carton, said mechanism including a reciprocating finger actuated by the power of the machine. I

7. In a packaging machme having means ,for releasably confining a flattened carton in a substantially vertical position, said carton having two upper and two lower side tabs, a reciprocating blade adapted to enter and partly open the carton, means associated with said blade for completely opening the carton, said blade being provided with means for moving the opened carton endwise, a fixed track in the path of movement of the carton, having inclined portions adapted to turn the two lower tabs of the carton inward, said track being extended from said inclined portions to support and guide the carton and confine the turned tabs, an intermittently moving carrier adapted to convey the carton along said track, a fixed lower folder below said track, adapted to act on an extensioii'of one of the side walls of the carton and convert said extension into a lower end wall and a tuckedin flap, a movable finger adapted to turn in one of the upper tabs, and a fixed ear arranged to turn in the other upper tab.

8. In a packaging ,machine having means for releasably confining a flattened carton in a substantially vertical position, said carton having two upper and two lower side tabs, a reciprocating blade adapted to enter and artly open the carton, means associated with said blade for completely opening the carton, said blade being provided with means for moving the opened carton endwise, a fixed track in the path of movement of the carton, having inclined portions adapted to turn two lower tabs of the carton inward. said track being extended from said inclined portions to support and guide the carton and confine the turned tabs, an intermittently moving carrier adapted to convey the carton along said track, a fixed lower folder below said track, adapted to act on an extension of one of the side walls of the carton and convert said extension into a lower end Wall and a tucked-in flap, a movable finger adapted to turn in one of the upper tabs, a fixed ear arranged to turn in the other upper tab, and a fixed upper folder above said track, adapted to act on an extension of the other side wall of the carton, and convert said extension into an upper end wall and a tucked-in flap.

9. In a )ackaging machine having means for releasa ly confining a flattened carton in a substantially vertical position, said carton having two upper and two lower side tabs, a reciprocating blade adapted to enter and partly open the carton, means associated with said blade for completely opening the carton. said blade being provided with means for moving the opened carton endwise, a fixed track in the path of movement of the carton, having inclined portions adapted to turn two lower tabs of the carton inward, said track being extended from said inclined portions tosnpport and guide the carton and confine the turned tabs, an intermittently moving carrier adapted to convey the carton along said track, a fixed lower folder below said track, adapted to act on an extension of one of the side walls of the carton and convert said extension into a lower end wall and a tucked-in flap, a movable finger adapted to turn in one of the upper tabs, a fixed ear arranged to turn in the other upper tab, at fixed upper folder above said track, adapted to act on an extension of the other side wall of the carton, and convert said extension into an upper end wall and a tucked-in flap, and a plunger movable crosswise of the path in which the carton is moved by the carrier, and adapted to force the carton laterally from said path.

10. In a packaging machine having means for releasably confining a flattened carton in a substantially vertical position, said carton having two upper and two lower side tabs, a reciprocating blade adapted to enter and partly open the carton, means associated with said blade for completely opening the carton, said blade being provided with means for moving the opened carton endwise, a fixed track in the path of movement of the carton, having inclined portions adapted to turn two lower tabs of the carton inward,

said track being extended from said inclined portions to support and guide the carton and confine the turned tabs, an intermittently moving carrier adapted to convey the carton along said track, a fixed lower folder below said track, adapted to act on an extension of one of the side walls of the cartori and convert said extension into a lower end wall and a tucked-in flap, a movable finger adapted to turn in one of the upper tabs, a fixed ear arranged to turn in the other upper tab, a fixed upper folder above said track, adapted to act on the extension of the other side wall of the carton, and convert said extension into an upper end wall and a tucked-in flap, a plunger movable crosswise of the path in which the carton is moved by the carrier, and adapted to force the carton laterally from the said path,

above the chute, and adapted to be and means arranged to act on the laterally moving carton-to depress said upper end wall and its flap.

11. In a packaging machine, a hopper having means for segregating and delivering a charge of tablets, a chute arranged to guide the tablets to a receptacle, and means associated-with the chute and actuated by gravity to cause the tablets to pass edgewise from the chute.

12. In a packaging machine, a hopper having means for segregating and delivering a charge of tablets, a chute arranged to guide the tablets to a receptacle, and a series of loose fingers, hinged to a fixed support ield yieldinglyby gravity on tie lower portion of the chute, and to be displaced by tablets sliding down the chute, to cause the tablets to pass edgewise from the chute.

'13. In a packaging machine, in combination, a carrier adapted to move a series of receptacles step-by-step in a predetermined path, a hopper having means for segregating and delivering a charge of articles, a chute arranged to guide the charge to a receptacle on the carrier, and an oscillatory spillway adapted to normally rest on the chute and form an extension thereof, a portion of the spillway being in the path of receptacles on the carrier, and the arrangement being such that a receptacle, in receiving position, holds the spillway in a displaced inoperative position, the spillway being operative to guide a charge away from the machine when there is no receptacle in receiving position.

'14. packaging machine comprising a supply raceway, adapted to guide a column of flattened cartons, each having fo'ldable tabs, and extensions at its opposite ends, detents releasably confining the foremost carton at the delivering end of the raceway, a fixed carton track below the raceway, having tab-turning portions, carton-opening mechanism including movable primary and secondary reciprocating blades, adapted to detach theforemost carton from the detents, said mechanism having means for forcing the detached and opened carton against the tab-turning portions of the track, and an intermittently moving carrierhaving arms overhanging said track, and adapted to engage the opened carton and convey the same from the opening mechanism for subsequent operations.

15. A packaging machine substantially as specified by claim 14, comprising also a fixed lower folder in the path of a lower extension of one of the side walls of the carton, and adapted to fold said extension while the carton is being conveyed, to confine the said tabs, and form therewith a closed lower end, and means for delivering a charge to the upper end of the carton.

I 16. A packaging machine substantially as 7 end, means for delivering a charge to the specified by clitim l4, comprising also hired lower folder in the path of mlower extension of one of the sidewalls of the carton,

and adapted to fold said extension while the carton is being conveyed, to confine the said tabs, and form therewith a closed lower upper end of the carton, a reciprocating finger adapted .to turn one of the uppertabs'. of the carton, .afterthe delivery of the charge, a fixed ear and fixed upper folder adapted respectively to turn the other upper tab, and to fold the upper extension of the sionof one of the side walls" of the'cartqn,

carton to confine the upper tabs and form therewith a closed upper end of the carton.-

17 A packaging machine substantially 'as j'slgnetures.

specified by claim 14, comprising also a fixed lower folder in the patho-f alower extens end edepted t o fold said ezit ension- -while 20 the arton is being conveyed, to-confine the; p

tabs-end form therewith a closed lower end, means for. delivering'a chargefto the upper end I of. the. carton,- a reciprocating ,jfinger adapted'to turn'one of the upper tabs ofthe -25 carton,'-'after the" deli-very of the charge, a: I -;fixed ear and a'fixed upper folderfiadapted respectively to turnthe other upper tab, and to fold the upper extension of the carton to said track, j and .ineans for forcing 1 JOHN D. mN'EQ JAMES MACNAUG ,TANQLII- 

